http://www.efsa.europa.eu/EFSA/efsa...11902098495.htm
Scientific Opinions, Publications & ReportsStatement of EFSA on risks for public health due to the presences of melamine in infant milk and other milk products in China
Question number: EFSA-Q-2008-695


Adopted date: 24/09/2008
Statement (0.1Mb)

Summary

The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) received a request on 19 September 2008 from the European Commission, Health and Consumers Directorate requesting urgent scientific advice on the risks to human health due to the possible presence of melamine in composite food products imported from China into the European Union (EU). Considering the urgency of this request for advice EFSA issued a statement following Art. 13 b of the “Decision concerning the establishment and operations of the scientific committee and panels” adopted by the Management Board of EFSA on 11 September 2007[1].

In 2008, high levels of melamine in infant milk and other milk products have led to very severe health effects in Chinese children. The import of milk and milk products originating from China is prohibited into the EU, however composite food products such as biscuits and chocolate, which could be made from contaminated milk powder, may have reached the EU. Therefore, the European Commission has requested EFSA to provide scientific advice on the risk for human health related to presence of melamine in such composite foods.

The primary target organ for melamine toxicity is the kidney. There is uncertainty with respect to the time scale for the development of kidney damage. Thus, EFSA applied a tolerable daily intake (TDI) of 0.5 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) in considering possible health effects which might occur with repeated consumption of melamine contaminated products over a relatively short period.

EFSA was asked to consider health effects due to melamine exposure via the consumption of contaminated biscuits and confectionary. Based on available data, EFSA developed a number of theoretical exposure scenarios for biscuits and chocolate containing milk powder both for adults and children. In the absence of actual data for milk powder, EFSA used the highest value of melamine (approximately 2,500 mg/kg) reported in Chinese infant formula as a basis for worst case scenarios.

Based on these scenarios, estimated exposure does not raise concerns for the health of adults in Europe should they consume chocolates and biscuits containing contaminated milk powder. Children with a mean consumption of biscuits, milk toffee and chocolate made with such milk powder would also not exceed the TDI. However, in worst case scenarios with the highest level of contamination, children with high daily consumption of milk toffee, chocolate or biscuits containing high levels of milk powder would exceed the TDI. Children who consume both such biscuits and chocolate could potentially exceed the TDI by more than threefold. However, EFSA noted that it is presently unknown whether such high level exposure scenarios may occur in Europe.

The primary target organ for melamine toxicity is the kidney. There is uncertainty with respect to the time scale for the development of kidney damage. Thus, EFSA applied a tolerable daily intake (TDI) of 0.5 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) in considering possible health effects which might occur with repeated consumption of melamine contaminated products over a relatively short period.

剛剛看到有媒體把歐盟這篇文章解釋成標準是 0.5ppm

PPM 跟 TDI 應該是不同的標準,能這樣換算嗎?

所謂PPM就我認知應該是用於食品之類的,人體也用PPM?
以一個60KG的人來說,一天攝取 30mg是上限,也就是說 2.5ppm的毒奶要喝上12KG,
問題是哪有人一天會吃到12KG以上的食物,所以歐盟的標準可能還比較寬鬆

當然上面是指成人,嬰兒的確很容易超標

會演變成惡靈古堡毒奶篇嗎....有吃過的人開始病變.失控.混亂.三鹿公司股價狂跌.崩潰.瓦解 然後從洋館開始了......

紐國5ppm 歐盟2.5ppm

我看台灣又要一群人要笑，Kiwi、歐陸人、英國人要比中國豬還不如了

沒啥好笑別人的
就像你只要別讓大家跟著吸二手,我管你要吸一天一根還是一口1包

EFSA assesses possible risks related to melamine in composite foods from China
25/09/2008
Following recent events in China, the European Commission asked the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) to provide urgent scientific advice on health risks for European consumers related to the possible presence of melamine[1] in composite foods containing milk or milk products originating from China.

EFSA’s scientists today issued a statement saying that if adults in Europe were to consume chocolates and biscuits containing contaminated milk powder, they would not exceed the TDI (Tolerable Daily Intake) of 0.5 mg/kg body weight, even in worst case scenarios[2].

Children with a mean consumption of biscuits, milk toffee and chocolate made with such milk powder would also not exceed the TDI. However, in worst case scenarios with the highest level of contamination, children with high daily consumption of milk toffee, chocolate or biscuits containing high levels of milk powder would exceed the TDI. Children who consume both such biscuits and chocolate could potentially exceed the TDI by up to more than three times.

High levels of melamine can primarily affect the kidneys. EFSA applied the TDI of 0.5 mg/kg body weight for melamine in a specific case of contamination in 2007[3].

The Commission requested EFSA to focus its assessment on biscuits and chocolate which contain milk powder as such products can be imported from China. EFSA developed theoretical exposure scenarios based on European consumption figures[4] of biscuits and chocolate. In the absence of available data for contaminated milk powder, EFSA also used the highest value of melamine, reported in Chinese infant formula as a basis for worst case scenarios. EFSA stressed that it is not known at the moment whether such theoretical high level exposure scenarios could occur in Europe.

你看不懂英文嗎?哪邊寫0.5ppm
"they would not exceed the TDI (Tolerable Daily Intake) of 0.5 mg/kg body weight"
這邊寫的是人體每公斤每天能接受的上限是 0.5mg
以一個60kg體重的人來說,一天上限30mg

TDI 跟 PPM 分母不一樣

也不用為了多少ppm而爭論不休
假如現在完全沒有人工添加, 即使稍微超過2.5ppm, 也情有可原, 特例處理
假如現在有人工添加, 那就算是0.01ppm, 也不能允許
更何況現在是人工添加, 還遠超過2.5ppm

為了目的, 不擇手段, 出了嚴重事情, 還極力強辯, 真的是其心可誅

重點是他們有第一層防護: 禁止中國奶製品輸入

再加這一層補破洞。

至於中國豬想都別想，還不是只能乖乖吞下槽中號稱 <2.5ppm 的豬食