The Tragedy of Taiwan 台灣的悲劇 - PCDVD數位科技討論區

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加入日期: May 2005

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以下為第三篇...

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4月17日報紙全文：19460417

The tragedy of Taiwan

Chinese Rule Over Formosa Described as Big ‘Squeeze’

Here is the third in a series of dispatches on Formosa, as the Japanese called Taiwan.
By HARLOW M. CHURCH, Special to The Pittsburgh Press

台灣的悲劇

中國人對福爾摩沙的統治被稱為大”壓榨”

這是一系列關於福爾摩沙（此島日本人稱為台灣）的新聞稿的第三篇。

哈洛M.丘奇撰文，匹茲堡報特稿

TAKAO, Formosa, April 17 - “Squeeze” is the watchword of Chinese rule in Formosa today. The corrupt, graft-ridden administration, in its six-month-old occupation, is an arresting picture of democracy at rest – if not in exile.

American occupation forces secured the island after the Jap surrender and turned it over to Chinese forces when their first troops landed on Oct. 5, 1945. Government by "squeeze" has been in active operation ever since.

One of the first acts of the Chinese administration was the seizure of the Jap-owned Taiwan Development Co., the Jap government-sponsored monopoly corporation that completely controlled the purchase and sale of the island's principal products - rice, sugar, coal and camphor - as well as the bulk of the island's imports.

The Chinese Governor General, Gen. Chen-Yi, a former war lord of Fukien Province, China, promptly appointed his nephew, To Hsi-yu, as head of the corporation.

高雄，福爾摩沙，4月17日 - “壓榨”是現今中國統治福爾摩沙的口號。腐敗、貪污纏身的政府，其6個月以來的佔領，是一個醒目的民主安息的畫面 - 如果不是流亡。

美國佔領軍在日本投降後獲得此島，並在中國的第一支部隊於1945年10月5日登陸時把它交給中國軍隊。“壓榨”式治理自此一直在積極運作。

中國政府的第一個行動之一是扣押日本人擁有的台灣開發公司，日本政府辦的壟斷企業，完全控制了島上的主要產品的採購與銷售 - 米、糖、煤炭和樟腦 - 以及大部分島上的進口貨物。

中國的總督，陳儀將軍，一個中國福建省前任軍閥，立即任命他的侄子To Hsi-yu擔任公司首長。

Rice Bought Up

Next, the Chinese government took over all of the Jap Army and Navy rice stores. All of this, they told the Formosans, was to assure sufficient rice for the Chinese occupation troops. They didn’t point out to the Formosans that the Japs had a two-year supply of rice for their 250,000 troops and that the Chinese occupation forces totaled something less than 50,000.

The Chinese-controlled Taiwan Development Co. then purchased the entire 1945 fall rice crop which had just been harvested at 2 yen per kin, a Chinese weight unit that equals 1.33 pounds. That move didn’t surprise the Formosans because the company, when controlled by the Japs, bought the island's entire rice crop, with the exception of the amount needed by the growers for their own needs. Then the Japs offered the rice for sale at 4 yen per kin.

The Japs used the company’s profits on these transactions to purchase commercial fertilizer needed by the rice growers to assure a good, two-crop-a-year yield. The harvests fed the entire island and still allowed 50 per cent of the crop to be exported to Japan.

The Chinese Government promised to administer the company in the same manner. But the administration has been a singularly one-way affair. The rice is bought at the two-yen price but then disappears from the public market.

Formosans must purchase rice on the black market and pay from 18 to 20 yen per kin.

The Chinese, when queried on this subject, blandly pointed to their laws. In theory, the laws establish municipal markets throughout the island for the sale of rice and other official monopoly products.

白米全部買斷

下一步，中國政府接管了所有的日本陸軍和海軍米倉。之所以這麼做，他們告訴福爾摩沙人，是為了確保中國佔領軍有足夠的米。他們並沒有對福爾摩沙人指出日本人有夠讓他們的250,000人部隊吃兩年的米，而中國佔領軍總共還不到50,000人。

中國人控制的台灣開發公司接下來購買了整個1945年秋季剛收成的水稻作物，每斤2元，斤是中國重量單位等於1.33磅。這一舉動福爾摩沙人並不感到意外，因為該公司在日本人控制時，買了島上的整個水稻作物，除了種植者自己所需要的數量以外。然後，日本人以每斤4元供應白米銷售。

日本人用此公司的交易利潤購買稻農所需的商業肥料，以保證良好的一年兩作。收成除了可以填飽全島，還有50%作物可以出口到日本。

中國政府承諾以同樣的方式管理公司。但管理上卻一直是單向買賣。白米以兩元價格收購，但隨後就從公開市場消失。

福爾摩沙人必須在黑�**妎R白米，並支付每斤18到20元。

中國人，當被質疑這件事時，只是淡淡地指著他們的法律。理論上來講，法律建立了遍布全島的市立市場以銷售白米和其他官方壟斷的產品。

Coal Vanishes Also

If one of these markets actually exists, there‘s not a single Formosan who knows its location.

Coal sold to the monopoly vanishes in the same mysterious way. Mine operators, who must sell their entire product to the company, are paid 2oo yen a ton. That gives them a margin of 20 per cent profit over and above actual production costs.

But the only coal available in the island is that purchased through the black market for 2000 yen a ton or is shipped to Shanghai where it brings better than 3000 yen a ton. Even figuring the value of the yen at its highest black market rate - 100 to one U.S. dollars - you'll get an idea of the breath-taking profit.

Caustic Formosans, who suffer severely from the lack of coal, point to the American Marines who guard the coal rail lines in North China. They suggest that Marines could do the Formosans a favor by guarding the Formosan coal after it’s mined.

Sugar is one of Formosa’s greatest products. In 1940, she produced some 14,564,000,000 kin. The sale of sugar also is handled in the same manner by the Taiwan Development Co. It suffers the same fate as rice and coal. The farmers are paid 130 yen a piyo (roughly 185 pounds) but it is available to the public only through the black market for 3000 yen a piyo!

煤也消失了

如果這些市場其中之一確實存在，沒有一個福爾摩沙人知道它的位置。

煤賣給壟斷公司後也以同樣的神秘方式消失。煤礦經營者必須出售他們的全部產品給這家公司，200元一噸。這給了他們超出實際生產成本20%的利潤。

但在島上唯一買得到的煤是通過黑�**妎R2000元一噸，或者運到上海，它帶來了更好的超過3000元一噸。甚至計算元的價值，用黑市最高匯率換算 – 100元兌1美元 - 你就會知道其中驚人的利潤。

缺煤缺慘了的尖刻福爾摩沙人，對中國北方守護煤炭鐵路線的美國海軍陸戰隊指出，他們建議海軍陸戰隊可以幫忙福爾摩沙人一個忙，在煤礦開採出來後鎮守福爾摩沙煤礦。

糖是台灣最大宗的產品之一。 1940年，她生產了將近14,564,000,000斤。糖的銷售也以同樣的方式由台灣開發公司處理。它與白米和煤遭受同樣的命運。農民支付130元一piyo（約185磅），大眾只能透過黑市買3000元一piyo！

Money Seized

Last November, the Government ordered all 1000 yen notes deposited in a special account with no withdrawals permitted for one year. One week was permitted for the deposit of the notes, during which time 1000 yen notes sold at a fraction of their
real value.

Formosans now holding certificates of deposit for their money are forced to sell them at a terrific discount when they need the cash to cope with the ever-soaring price of living.

These are just a few examples of squeeze in the upper financial brackets. Formosans complain that similar squeeze exists in various proportions from the highest Government officials right down to the lowliest clerk in the least important Government bureaus.

More than 94 per cent of the population or Formosa is of Chinese origin. The ties of blood and the special tie of worship of their Chinese ancestors still hold them to China. But often the ties wear thin, especially when hunger acts as a goad.

At Tainan, angry Formosans broke into a warehouse and burned 70 tons of sugar. At Taichu they burned another warehouse and 30 more tons of sugar.

錢被扣押

去年十一月，政府下令所有的1000元紙幣存入專門賬戶，一年不准提款。一個星期內要把鈔票存進去，在這個期間1000元鈔票被以面值的一點點來出售。

現在手上有存款證明的福爾摩沙人，當他們需要現金來應付飆漲的生活費時，只好以超低折扣賣掉存款證明。

這些只是一些上層金融壓榨的例子。福爾摩沙人抱怨，類似的壓榨依不同比例存在於從最高層政府官員一直到最不重要的政府機關的最底層的職員。

福爾摩沙人口的94％以上來自於中國。血緣關係和他們特別的中國祖先崇拜仍然讓他們與中國保持連結。但這層連結常常磨得薄了，特別是被飢餓鞭策時。

在台南，憤怒的福爾摩沙人闖進一間倉庫燒毀了70噸糖。在台中他們燒毀了另一個倉庫和30多噸糖。

Rice Hijacked

Truck loads of rice, destined for government warehouses, have been stopped on the road and the rice removed. As a sardonic gesture, the mobs pay the drivers four yen a kin, the Jap retail price even during the hardest or war years.

Not all of the Chinese officials are involved in the squeeze. Some are so disgusted and horrified that they‘ve turned in their resignations. Even those who privately disapprove are forced to take part in the squeeze because their salaries, fixed by the Chinese Central Government, couldn't possibly begin to cover the expenses of living.

A visitor to Formosa will hear this remark made in conversations with the Formosans the length and breadth of the island:
“The Americans were kind to the Japanese. They merely dropped atom bombs on Japan. They dropped the Chinese Government on Formosa.”

To Be Concluded

白米被劫持

裝載白米的卡車，在運往政府倉庫途中，被截停在路上，白米被搬走了。作為一個嘲諷的姿態，暴民們付錢給司機4元一斤，這是日本的零售價，即使是在最困難的戰爭年代。

不是所有的中國官員都參與了壓榨。有些人是如此的反感和恐懼，他們已經上交了辭呈。即使是那些私底下不贊成的人也被迫參與壓榨，因為他們由中國中央政府訂下來的死薪水，開始不太能支付生活開支了。

一個來到福爾摩沙訪客將會在這個島跟福爾摩沙人談話時，到處聽到這句評語：
“美國人對日本人很仁慈。他們只是在日本丟下原子彈。他們在福爾摩沙丟下中國政府。“

待結論
======================
圖片說明：

DEVASTATION IN FORMOSA adds to the difficulty of readjustment on the island which the Japs called Taiwan.
An uncomfortable water buffalo is moored to a leaning lamp post in Kiirun. Natives find the photographer a far more curious sight.

USELESS FACTORY is this big plant of the Jap Mining Co. of Formosa. Machinery remains idle through lack of vital parts taken by vandals. All belts for the motors, electrical wiring and control equipment were stripped from the plant.

（左）福爾摩沙的毀壞增加了重建這個日本人稱之為台灣的島的困難。在基隆一頭不舒服的水牛被繫在傾斜的路燈上。當地人對攝影師投以好奇的眼光。

（右）這個沒辦法運轉的工廠，是福爾摩沙日本礦業公司的大廠房。機器因被破壞者取走重要零件而閒置。所有馬達的皮帶、電線和控制設備都被從工廠拿光了。

2014-02-27, 10:53 AM #64

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2014-02-27, 11:07 AM #67

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2014-02-27, 11:10 AM #68

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2014-02-27, 11:12 AM #69