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Junior Member
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https://world-nuclear-news.org/Arti...tilisation-plan
引用:
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A revised mixed oxide (MOX) fuel utilisation plan, based on the latest operational plan for the Rokkasho Reprocessing Plant and the MOX Fuel Fabrication Plant, has been released by Japan's Federation of Electric Power Companies (FEPC). While only four Japanese reactors have so far been restarted using MOX fuel, FEPC envisages at least 12 units running on the fuel by FY2030. FEPC represents the 11 power companies, comprising nine utilities (excluding Okinawa Electric Power), Japan Atomic Power Company and the Electric Power Development Company (J-Power). Takahama unit 3 and 4 have been using MOX fuel since being restarted (Image: Kansai Electric Power Company) As long ago as the 1950s, Japanese nuclear energy policy recognised that the energy resource-poor country must recycle uranium and plutonium recovered from used nuclear fuel. Up until 1998, Japan sent the bulk of its used fuel to plants in France and the UK for reprocessing and MOX fabrication. However, since 1999 it has been storing used fuel in anticipation of the full-scale operation of its own reprocessing and MOX fabrication facilities. "In Japan, where resources are scarce, we will secure stable energy in the future," FEPC said today. "In order to do so, it is essential to establish a nuclear fuel cycle in Japan. Even in the midst of changes in the environment surrounding nuclear power generation after the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi power plant, the importance of pluthermal [MOX] fuel does not change." Construction of a reprocessing plant at Rokkasho began in 1993 and was originally expected to be completed by 1997. The facility is based on the same technology as Orano's La Hague plant in France. Once operational, the maximum reprocessing capacity of the Rokkasho plant will be 800 tonnes per year. Construction of a 130 tonne per year MOX plant, also at Rokkasho, began in late 2010. However, completion of both the reprocessing plant and the MOX fuel fabrication plant has faced several delays. In December last year, Japan Nuclear Fuel Limited said it now expects to complete construction of the reprocessing plant in 2022 and that of the MOX fuel plant in 2024. Since the March 2011 accident at the Fukushima Daiichi plant, four reactors - Genkai 3, Ikata 3 and Takahama 3 and 4 - have resumed operation using MOX fuel. FEPC estimates that these units will use a total of 0.2 tonnes of plutonium in 2021, 0.7 tonnes in 2022 and 1.4 tonnes in 2023. These usage amounts are based on the operation plan of each company, as of January this year, FEPC noted. It said the operation plan for 2024 and beyond is undecided, but from the perspective of showing the outlook for plutonium usage after the start of operations at the Rokkasho reprocessing plant, the current outlook for usage is: 0.7 tonnes in 2024; 1.4-2.8 tonnes in 2025; and about 6.6 tonnes annually between 2026 and 2030. The start of use of domestically-produced MOX fuel is expected to be after 2026, FEPC said. On 17 December, FEPC said it had been "continuing to work diligently through promoting pluthermal to establish the nuclear fuel cycle as a critical task". It said the power companies it represents had decided to follow the measures "as our new pluthermal programme in order to manage plutonium stockpiles appropriately on the premise that each utility is responsible for using its own plutonium". With the consent of the local community, the utilities agreed to examine the possibility of introducing MOX fuel to as many operating reactors as possible as part of a mid to long-term plan and will do their utmost efforts to ensure a balance between demand and supply of plutonium. The utilities aim to have at least 12 reactors utilising MOX fuel by FY2030. They also agreed to promote using plutonium and reduce the size of their stockpiles at home and abroad through close collaboration and cooperation among the utilities.
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DeepL 翻譯
引用:
日本電力公司聯合會（FEPC）發佈了一份修訂的混合氧化物（MOX）燃料利用計劃，該計劃基於六所後處理廠和MOX燃料製造廠的最新運營計劃。雖然到目前為止只有四個日本反應堆使用MOX燃料重新啟動，但FEPC設想到2030財政年度至少有12個機組使用該燃料運行。FEPC代表11家電力公司，包括9家電力公司（不包括沖繩電力公司）、日本原子能公司和電力開發公司（J-Power）。
早在20世紀50年代，日本的核能政策就認識到，這個能源資源匱乏的國家必須回收廢舊核燃料中的鈾和鈽。直到1998年，日本將其大部分廢舊燃料送到法國和英國的工廠進行再加工和MOX製造。然而，自1999年以來，它一直在儲存舊燃料，以期待其自己的後處理和混合氧化物製造設施的全面運行。
"在資源稀缺的日本，我們將在未來確保穩定的能源，"FEPC今天說。"為了做到這一點，必須在日本建立一個核燃料循環。即使在福島第一核電站事故發生後，圍繞核電的環境發生了變化，鈽[MOX]燃料的重要性也不會改變。" 六所的後處理廠於1993年開始建設，最初預計在1997年完成。該設施採用的技術與奧拉諾在法國的拉海牙工廠相同。一旦投入使用，Rokkasho工廠的最大後處理能力將是每年800噸。同樣在Rokkasho，年產130噸的混合氧化物工廠於2010年底開始建造。
然而，後處理廠和混合氧化物燃料製造廠的完工已面臨數次延誤。去年12月，日本核燃料有限公司表示，它現在預計在2022年完成後處理廠的建設，在2024年完成MOX燃料廠的建設。
自2011年3月福島第一核電站事故以來，四個反應堆--玄海3號、池田3號、高濱3號和4號--已經使用MOX燃料恢復了運行。FEPC估計，這些機組在2021年將總共使用0.2噸鈽，2022年0.7噸，2023年1.4噸。FEPC指出，這些使用量是根據各公司截至今年1月的運營計劃計算出來的。
它說，2024年及以後的運營計劃還沒有決定，但從顯示六所後處理廠開始運營後的鈽使用前景的角度來看，目前的使用前景是。2024年為0.7噸；2025年為1.4-2.8噸；2026-2030年每年約6.6噸。
FEPC說，國內生產的MOX燃料預計將在2026年之後開始使用。
12月17日，FEPC說它一直在 "通過促進信天翁繼續努力工作，以建立核燃料循環為關鍵任務"。
它說它所代表的電力公司已經決定遵循這些措施，"作為我們新的信熱計劃，以便在每個公用事業公司負責使用自己的鈽的前提下，適當地管理鈽的儲存"。
在徵得當地社區的同意後，公用事業單位同意研究是否有可能將MOX燃料引入盡可能多的運行中的反應堆，作為中長期計劃的一部分，並將盡最大努力確保鈽的需求和供應之間的平衡。
這些公司的目標是到2030財政年度至少有12個反應堆使用混合氧化物燃料。他們還同意通過公用事業部門之間的密切協作和合作，促進鈽的使用，並減少其在國內外的庫存規模。
通過www.DeepL.com/Translator（免費版）翻譯
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日本已經有四個反應爐在使用 MOX 燃料，
預計 2030 年增加到十二個反應爐。
並且在 2026 年開始在日本國內自行回收生產 MOX 燃料。
此文章於 2021-12-21 11:36 PM 被 oversky. 編輯.
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2021-12-21, 11:32 PM
#181
