PCDVD¼Æ¦ì¬ì§Þ°Q½×°Ï
PCDVD¼Æ¦ì¬ì§Þ°Q½×°Ï   µù¥U ±`¨£°ÝÃD ¼Ð°O°Q½×°Ï¬°¤wŪ

¦^¨ì   PCDVD¼Æ¦ì¬ì§Þ°Q½×°Ï > ¨ä¥L¸s²Õ > ¤C¼L¤K¦Þ²§¨¥°ó
±b¤á
±K½X
 

  ¦^À³
 
¥DÃD¤u¨ã
sclee
Master Member
 

¥[¤J¤é´Á: Oct 2001
¤å³¹: 1,730
¤Þ¥Î:
§@ªÌhealthfirst.
ªZ¤O´Þ¥Á
³QªZ¤O§Üª§
¸gÀÙ´Þ¥Á
³Q½æ¤FÁÙÀ°¼Æ¿ú

¦pªG§Ú¬O´Þ¥ÁªÌ
­n§Ú¿ï
§Ú¤@©w¿ï¸gÀÙ´Þ¥Á¥L°ê

ªB¤Í¡B¼Ä¤H³£¬O¼È®Éªº
¥u¦³§Q¯q¬O¥Ã«íªº

¦Ñ¦@²{¦b¤£´N¬O·F³oºØ¨Æ¶Ü?
¤@±a¤@¸ô¸gÀÙ´Þ¥Á«D¬w°ê®a
     
      
ÂÂ 2022-11-12, 01:02 PM #141
¦^À³®É¤Þ¥Î¦¹¤å³¹
scleeÂ÷½u¤¤  
Hermit Crab
Golden Member
 

¥[¤J¤é´Á: Oct 2017
±zªº¦í§}: ¶H¤s¤½¶é
¤å³¹: 2,816
¤Þ¥Î:
§@ªÌoversky.
§A³o½g¤£¬O¦³»¡¦­´N¤£ª±¤F¡C


§Ú¦L¶H¤¤¥Á±Ú¦Û¨M¤f¸¹¬O1798¦~ªk°ê¤j­²©R¦~¥N³Û¥X¨Óªº.
1945-1798= 147, §Úªº150¦~¬O³o¼Ë­pºâªº.
 
__________________
©U§£±í¦W³æ:
ankk
chumowu
cp03
jeffk
LDSKING
LDSKING II
leeking
leeko
MyChris
River Spinach
smoguli
Whole Truth
wpc0406
YorkHapy
¥V¤§ª¢¶§
¦Bªº°ÕÅ]¤ý¤j¤H
¨S°ÝÃD
Ãz¨«¥øÃZ
tvt
hill45678
rcack
¤R¬£
polor
manoerina
afeaanpv
SUNGF
·PÁºô¤Í´£¨Ñªº¿y§ïµUscript, ¥i±¤¥¢®Ä¤F
ÂÂ 2022-11-12, 02:23 PM #142
¦^À³®É¤Þ¥Î¦¹¤å³¹
Hermit CrabÂ÷½u¤¤  
masksi0119
New Member
 

¥[¤J¤é´Á: Mar 2012
¤å³¹: 7
¥Á¶iÄÒªº¶Âª÷²£·~Ãì¡A²{¦b¬O§âĵ¹î³£Åܶ¹Dªº¤p§Ì¤F
Ãø©Ç¸j¤F³o»ò¦h¤H³£¨S³Qµo²{

³¢­õ±Ó¶BÄF¬~¿ú¶°¹Î¥Ç¸o´¦¯µ¤§¤@
https://www.ptt.cc/bbs/Gossiping/M....7527.A.0DA.html
³¢­õ±Ó¶BÄF¬~¿ú¶°¹Î¥Ç¸o´¦¯µ¤§¤G
https://www.ptt.cc/bbs/Gossiping/M....8549.A.DFA.html
³¢­õ±Ó¶BÄF¬~¿ú¶°¹Î¥Ç¸o´¦¯µ¤§¤T
https://www.ptt.cc/bbs/Gossiping/M....9072.A.554.html
ÂÂ 2022-11-12, 02:53 PM #143
¦^À³®É¤Þ¥Î¦¹¤å³¹
masksi0119Â÷½u¤¤  
blueck
Major Member
 
blueckªº¤jÀY·Ó
 

¥[¤J¤é´Á: Dec 2010
¤å³¹: 266
¤Þ¥Î:
§@ªÌsclee
¦Ñ¦@²{¦b¤£´N¬O·F³oºØ¨Æ¶Ü?
¤@±a¤@¸ô¸gÀÙ´Þ¥Á«D¬w°ê®a

¹ï«D¬w°ê®a¦Ó¨¥¡A¤£³Q´Þ¥Á¦³¤ñ¸û¦n¶Ü?

«Ü¦h®É­Ô¬O¤£±o¤£ªº¿ï¾Ü¡C
ÂÂ 2022-11-12, 03:07 PM #144
¦^À³®É¤Þ¥Î¦¹¤å³¹
blueckÂ÷½u¤¤  
Hermit Crab
Golden Member
 

¥[¤J¤é´Á: Oct 2017
±zªº¦í§}: ¶H¤s¤½¶é
¤å³¹: 2,816
¤Þ¥Î:
§@ªÌsclee
¦Ñ¦@²{¦b¤£´N¬O·F³oºØ¨Æ¶Ü?
¤@±a¤@¸ô¸gÀÙ´Þ¥Á«D¬w°ê®a


¬ðµM·Q¨ì¬Q¤Ñ¬Ý¨ìªº¤@«h¤¤°ê·s»D...
国务°|关税税则©e¡G给¤©ªü´I¦½µ¥10国98%税¥Ø产«~¹s关税«Ý¹J
__________________
©U§£±í¦W³æ:
ankk
chumowu
cp03
jeffk
LDSKING
LDSKING II
leeking
leeko
MyChris
River Spinach
smoguli
Whole Truth
wpc0406
YorkHapy
¥V¤§ª¢¶§
¦Bªº°ÕÅ]¤ý¤j¤H
¨S°ÝÃD
Ãz¨«¥øÃZ
tvt
hill45678
rcack
¤R¬£
polor
manoerina
afeaanpv
SUNGF
·PÁºô¤Í´£¨Ñªº¿y§ïµUscript, ¥i±¤¥¢®Ä¤F
ÂÂ 2022-11-12, 03:12 PM #145
¦^À³®É¤Þ¥Î¦¹¤å³¹
Hermit CrabÂ÷½u¤¤  
¦Ñ¦ÑÀã
*°±Åv¤¤*
 
¦Ñ¦ÑÀ㪺¤jÀY·Ó
 

¥[¤J¤é´Á: Feb 2015
¤å³¹: 1,456
³o¨Ç°ê®a¤S¨SªF¦è¥i¥H½æ¤g¦@
°ò¥»¤W¥u¦³Äqª«
·|½æµ¹¤g¦@

³o¨Ç°ê®aªº¤ÑµM¸ê·½.¨S§Q¥Î¦b·í¦a¥Í²£²£«~
³Q¤g¦@¸gÀÙ´Þ¥Á.¹ý©³±°¹Ü¤ÑµM¸ê·½
ÂÂ 2022-11-12, 03:19 PM #146
¦^À³®É¤Þ¥Î¦¹¤å³¹
¦Ñ¦ÑÀãÂ÷½u¤¤  
oversky.
Junior Member
 

¥[¤J¤é´Á: Feb 2013
¤å³¹: 778
¤Þ¥Î:
§@ªÌHermit Crab
§Ú¦L¶H¤¤¥Á±Ú¦Û¨M¤f¸¹¬O1798¦~ªk°ê¤j­²©R¦~¥N³Û¥X¨Óªº.
1945-1798= 147, §Úªº150¦~¬O³o¼Ë­pºâªº.


­^¤åª© wiki »¡¬O 1860 ¦~¤~¦³³oºØ·§©À¡C
¬d self-determination ªº­^¤åÃã·½¡A
1911 ¦~¤~¦³¬Fªv¤Wªº¨Ï¥Î·N¸q¡C
Oxford English Dictionary ¤W¦³ªº³Ì¦­¨Ò¥y¤]¬O 1911 ¦~¡C

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-determination
¤Þ¥Î:
The concept was first expressed in the 1860s, and spread rapidly thereafter.


https://www.etymonline.com/search?q=Self-determination
¤Þ¥Î:
self-determination (n.)

1680s, "determination of mind; determination by one's own will or powers without external influence," from self- + determination. The political sense, action of a people in deciding its statehood and form of government," is attested by 1911, popularized 1918 by U.S. President Woodrow Wilson in reference to the settlement of World War I. The idea itself is from 19c., and Churchill compared Fichte's Selbst bestimmung. Related: Self-determined; self-determining.



OED
¤Þ¥Î:
The action of a people in deciding its own form of government; free determination of statehood, postulated as a right (see quot. 1929).

1911 Encycl. Brit. XXIII. 653/1
The more enlightened of the emperors..made a genuine endeavour to give a due share in the work of government to the various subject races. But nothing could compensate for the lack of self-determination.

¦¹¤å³¹©ó 2022-11-12 04:02 PM ³Q oversky. ½s¿è.
ÂÂ 2022-11-12, 04:00 PM #147
¦^À³®É¤Þ¥Î¦¹¤å³¹
oversky.Â÷½u¤¤  
kize
Senior Member
 
kizeªº¤jÀY·Ó
 

¥[¤J¤é´Á: Dec 2001
±zªº¦í§}: ¾|¦è¥ï
¤å³¹: 1,103
¤Þ¥Î:
§@ªÌHermit Crab
¬ðµM·Q¨ì¬Q¤Ñ¬Ý¨ìªº¤@«h¤¤°ê·s»D...
国务°|关税税则©e¡G给¤©ªü´I¦½µ¥10国98%税¥Ø产«~¹s关税«Ý¹J (https://www.toutiao.com/article/7163939249333469700/)

³o¬O¦V¹ï¤è¬Fµ¦©Ê§ß´Ó.¦^¾P0Ãöµ|,¥i¥H·Q¹³·|¦³¦h¤Ö¤¤¤è¸ê¥»¹L¥h§ë¸ê.
__________________
~§Ú­n¥h¥ì´µ§¢¹Fº¸¬P~
ÂÂ 2022-11-12, 07:36 PM #148
¦^À³®É¤Þ¥Î¦¹¤å³¹
kizeÂ÷½u¤¤  
Hermit Crab
Golden Member
 

¥[¤J¤é´Á: Oct 2017
±zªº¦í§}: ¶H¤s¤½¶é
¤å³¹: 2,816
¤Þ¥Î:
§@ªÌoversky.
­^¤åª© wiki »¡¬O 1860 ¦~¤~¦³³oºØ·§©À¡C
¬d self-determination ªº­^¤åÃã·½¡A
1911 ¦~¤~¦³¬Fªv¤Wªº¨Ï¥Î·N¸q¡C
Oxford English Dictionary ¤W¦³ªº³Ì¦­¨Ò¥y¤]¬O 1911 ¦~¡C

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-determination


https://www.etymonline.com/search?q=Self-determination



¨º§Ú¥i¯à¬O¸ò¥Á±Ú¥D¸q (nationalism)·d²V¤F, ¨Ò:
"¤@¯ë认为¡A¦è¤èªº¥Á±Ú¥Dúå¬Oªñ¥N¥Á±Ú国®aªº产ª«¡AÉOªk国¤j­²©R¨ã¦³±K¤Áªº关¨t¡C
Õu称¡A¬Oªk国¯«¤÷Augustin Barruel¦b1798¦~²Ä¤@¦¸¨Ï¥Î¥Á±Ú¥Dúå(nationalisme)这个词ªº[1]¡C"
¥Á±Ú¥DúåÉO¦èÂÃ问题
__________________
©U§£±í¦W³æ:
ankk
chumowu
cp03
jeffk
LDSKING
LDSKING II
leeking
leeko
MyChris
River Spinach
smoguli
Whole Truth
wpc0406
YorkHapy
¥V¤§ª¢¶§
¦Bªº°ÕÅ]¤ý¤j¤H
¨S°ÝÃD
Ãz¨«¥øÃZ
tvt
hill45678
rcack
¤R¬£
polor
manoerina
afeaanpv
SUNGF
·PÁºô¤Í´£¨Ñªº¿y§ïµUscript, ¥i±¤¥¢®Ä¤F
ÂÂ 2022-11-12, 07:41 PM #149
¦^À³®É¤Þ¥Î¦¹¤å³¹
Hermit CrabÂ÷½u¤¤  
oversky.
Junior Member
 

¥[¤J¤é´Á: Feb 2013
¤å³¹: 778
¤Þ¥Î:
§@ªÌHermit Crab
¨º§Ú¥i¯à¬O¸ò¥Á±Ú¥D¸q (nationalism)·d²V¤F, ¨Ò:
"¤@¯ë认为¡A¦è¤èªº¥Á±Ú¥Dúå¬Oªñ¥N¥Á±Ú国®aªº产ª«¡AÉOªk国¤j­²©R¨ã¦³±K¤Áªº关¨t¡C
Õu称¡A¬Oªk国¯«¤÷Augustin Barruel¦b1798¦~²Ä¤@¦¸¨Ï¥Î¥Á±Ú¥Dúå(nationalisme)这个词ªº[1]¡C"
¥Á±Ú¥DúåÉO¦èÂÃ问题 (https://www.modernchinastudies.org/...1-10-04-49.html)


nationalism ³o­Ó¦r¤ñ¸û½ÆÂø¡C
¹³ Collins Ãã¨å¬O§â¬Fªv¿W¥ßªº·N«ä©M±a¦³¶S·Nªº·R°ê¤ß¡B¥Á±ÚÀu¶V·P¤À¶}¨Ó¡C
§Ú²q§A¬O«ü²Ä¤@­Ó·N«ä¡H(Collins ¬O¥H²{¦b¨Ï¥ÎÀW²v±Æ¦C)

https://www.collinsdictionary.com/d...ish/nationalism
¤Þ¥Î:
1. uncountable noun
Nationalism is the desire for political independence of people who feel they are historically or culturally a separate group within a country.

2. uncountable noun
You can refer to a person's great love for their nation as nationalism. It is often associated with the belief that a particular nation is better than any other nation, and in this case is often used showing disapproval.


MW ¬O§â 1798 ªº¥ÎªkÂkÃþ©ó¡u·R°ê¤ß¡B¥Á±ÚÀu¶V·P¡v¡A
¦Ó¤£¬O¶D¨D¿W¥ß¡C

https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/nationalism
¤Þ¥Î:
1 : loyalty and devotion to a nation
especially : a sense of national consciousness (see consciousness sense 1c) exalting one nation above all others and placing primary emphasis on promotion of its culture and interests as opposed to those of other nations or supranational groups

2 : a nationalist movement or government

First Known Use

1798, in the meaning defined at sense 1

¦¹¤å³¹©ó 2022-11-12 09:58 PM ³Q oversky. ½s¿è.
ÂÂ 2022-11-12, 09:48 PM #150
¦^À³®É¤Þ¥Î¦¹¤å³¹
oversky.Â÷½u¤¤  


    ¦^À³


POPIN
¥DÃD¤u¨ã

µoªí¤å³¹³W«h
±z¤£¥i¥Hµo°_·s¥DÃD
±z¤£¥i¥H¦^À³¥DÃD
±z¤£¥i¥H¤W¶Çªþ¥[ÀÉ®×
±z¤£¥i¥H½s¿è±zªº¤å³¹

vB ¥N½X¥´¶}
[IMG]¥N½X¥´¶}
HTML¥N½XÃö³¬



©Ò¦³ªº®É¶¡§¡¬°GMT +8¡C ²{¦bªº®É¶¡¬O09:56 AM.


vBulletin Version 3.0.1
powered_by_vbulletin 2025¡C