補充一下advantage/disadvantage 得利／不得利規則


OFFICIAL BASKETBALL RULES 2014
RULE EIGHT - OFFICIALS, TABLE OFFICIALS, COMMISSIONER: DUTIES AND POWERS
Art. 47 Officials: Duties and powers
47.3
When deciding on a personal contact or violation, the officials shall, in each instance, have regard to and weigh up the following fundamental principles:
• The spirit and intent of the rules and the need to uphold the integrity of the game.
• Consistency in application of the concept of 'advantage/disadvantage'. The officials should not seek to interrupt the flow of the game unnecessarily in order to penalise incidental personal contact which does not give the player responsible an advantage nor place his opponent at a disadvantage.
• Consistency in the application of common sense to each game, bearing in mind the abilities of the players concerned and their attitude and conduct during the game.
• Consistency in the maintenance of a balance between game control and game flow, having a 'feeling' for what the participants are trying to do and calling what is right for the game.

以下為中華民國籃球協會翻譯的
2014 國際籃球規則
第八章 —裁判、記錄台人員、臨場委員：職責與權力
第 47 條 裁判：職責與權力
47.3
在決定身體接觸或違例時，裁判應就個別情況，依下列基本原則作權衡考量：
• 規則的精神與原意，並保持比賽的完整性。
• 前後一致適用‘得利／不得利’ 的概念。因此意外的身體接觸，引發身體接觸的一方未得利，其對手也並未處於不利，裁判不必中斷比賽影響其流暢
• 每場比賽都應前後一致運用常理判斷執法，並應考量球員的能力、態度與動作。
• 在控制比賽與比賽流暢之間，始終尋求一平衡點，同時‘感知’比賽參與者行 為的意圖，作有利比賽的宣判。