https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/玻璃

https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/金

顏色[編輯]
其他金屬顏色通常是銀灰色的，因為它們的「電子海」能夠吸收及放出的光子頻率範圍較大，覆蓋了各種色光的波長範圍。金的反應則不同，因為相對論量子化學（relativistic quantum chemistry）中微妙的相對論效應影響了金原子的原子軌域[13]。

13-Relativity in Chemistry: The Color of Gold
http://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/physi...gold_color.html

Chemists often consider the first sub-shell of a given angular momentum to be anomalous. The 3d, filled in copper, is less shielded by the s and p subshells than you might otherwise expect. Silver, with a filled 4d behaves more like you think it should. Now when you get to gold (5d) relativistic effects become important. Compared to non-relativistic results the s and p subshells are more contracted (the so-called relativistic stabilization) while d and f are destabilized and more diffuse. So gold also behaves somewhat differently. If you were to do a solid state calculation on gold without including relativistic effects you would predict it to be silvery. Including relativistic effects you get reasonably good agreement with reality.