發現(discover): Discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact
發明(invent): Come up with (an idea, plan, explanation, theory, or principle) after a mental effort
兩者很像，但是元素這東西，通常用前者...
以本篇為例，你可以去查英文看老外會怎麼用?
這是英文維基的
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Two German chemists, Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff, discovered caesium in 1860 by the newly developed method of flame spectroscopy.
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http://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele055.html
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Cesium was discovered by Robert Wilhelm Bunsen and Gustav Robert Kirchoff, German chemists, in 1860 through the spectroscopic analysis of Durkheim mineral water.
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http://www.azom.com/Details.asp?ArticleID=593
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Bunsen and Kirchhoff discovered cesium/caesium spectroscopically in 1860 in mineral water from Durkheim.
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沒有人用invent的，兩者很像，你要凹當然說得過去，但是也不要忽略一般的用法
喜歡用發現也沒關係，但是假設你要寫文章給別人看，也最好要有心理準備被別人批評，畢竟在本篇文章的範例，一般都是用發現
還有，銫元素有天然存在的...